Sezvo mota dzemagetsi (EVs) dzichiramba dzichichinja mamiriro ekufambisa epasirese, chiitiko chisina musono uye chinonzwisisika chekuchaja chakakosha kukurudzira vanhu vazhinji kutora maEV. Yakaomesesa yekuchaja chiteshi kuwana, kufamba akawanda ekuchaja network, uye isingaenderane ekubhadhara masisitimu anogona kuve chidziviso kune vangangove varidzi veEV kana kushungurudza kune avo vakatochinja kuenda kuEV kufamba. Iyo Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) iri kuuya uye ichashandura EV yekuchaja ecosystem. OCPP yakagadzirirwa kurerutsa kutaurirana pakati peEV yekuchaja zviteshi uye manejimendi masisitimu, kuve nechokwadi chekuchinjika, kudyidzana, uye kunyatsoshanda kune yakasimba uye mushandisi-inoshamwaridzika yekuchaja network.
Chii chinonzi OCPP - Vhura Charge Point Protocol?
Iyo Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) iprotocol yekunyorera yekukurukurirana pakati pemotokari yemagetsi (EV) yekuchaja zviteshi (inozivikanwawo seEV yekuchaja mapoinzi) uye EV yekuchaja manejimendi masisitimu (anowanzo kunzi CMS). Chaizvoizvo, OCPP inoita se "mutauro" wakajairwa uye chiteshi chinogonesa kutaurirana pasina musono pakati peava vatambi vakakosha muEV yekuchaja ecosystem.
OCPP yakatanga kugadzirwa muna 2009 kuti igadzirise kudyidzana pakati peEV majaja uye manejimendi masisitimu. Kunyangwe kuvepo kweproprietary protocol, OCPP inomira pachena sepuratifomu yakavhurika zvachose. Kuvhurika uku kunopa vashandisi vechiteshi chekuchaja mukana wekubatanidza chero network kune chero chiteshi chekuchaja, kusimudzira hunyanzvi, makwikwi, uye kuwanikwa muindasitiri yekuchaja yeEV.
Zvakanakira zveOCPP
1. Kupa kuchinjika uye chengetedzo kune varidzi vechiteshi chekuchaja
OCPP inova nechokwadi chekuti varidzi vezviteshi zvekuchaja vanogona kushandura vashandisi vetiweki sezvinodiwa, nekudaro vachichengetedza mari yavo nekudzivirira kusashanda kweasset. Kana mugadziri wechiteshi chekuchaja akabuda pamusika, varidzi vanogona kutamira kune imwe OCPP-inoenderana network pasina kurasikirwa nekushanda. Iyi sarudzo yakavhurika inokurudzira makwikwi pakati pevagadziri uye network vanopa, izvo zvinoderedza mitengo, inovandudza sevhisi, uye inosimudzira hunyanzvi. Semagumo,EV kuchaja zvivakwa zvakakura nekukurumidza, zvichipa vatyairi veEV mamwe machaji sarudzo.
2. Inobvumira kutaurirana kwepasirese pakati pezviteshi zvekuchaja uye netiweki sevhisi vanopa kuti vape zvinodhura-zvinobudirira masevhisi egidhi (akadai sekuda mhinduro).
Shanduko kuenda kune net-zero emissions scenario muna 2050 ichaunza kuwedzera kwekudiwa kwemagetsi, inotungamirwa nekuiswa kwemagetsi ekufambisa, kupisa kwemba, uye mamwe maindasitiri. Panguva imwecheteyo, kupararira kwakapararira kwemasimba emagetsi emagetsi akadai sezuva nemhepo, ane chizvarwa chinosiyana nemamiriro ekunze uye nguva yezuva, akaisawo kuwedzera kudzvinyirira pane grid. Idzi shanduko dzakasimba dzinounza matambudziko kune kugadzikana kwegridi uye kuvimbika, zvichiita kuti zvishandiso zvitsvage mhinduro senge zvirongwa zvekupindura zvinodiwa.
Chii chinonzi demand response?
Mhinduro yekuda kunosanganisira kuyera kudiwa kwegridi nekukurudzira vashandisi kuti vashandure mashandisiro avo emagetsi kuenda kumaawa-akanyanya kana simba rakawanda kana kudiwa kuri kushoma.
Izvi zvinowanzoitika kuburikidza nemitengo yekukurudzira kana mamwe mibairo yemari. Mhinduro yekuda, yakasanganiswa neakangwara magidhi uye masisitimu ekuchengetedza simba, inoita basa rakakosha kuchengetedza kuchinjika kwegidhi, kudzikisira kukanganiswa kweiyo inochinja-chinja simba, uye nekuona kugadzikana kwegidhi panguva yekuremerwa maawa.
Basa reOCPP muDema Response
Kuti zvirongwa zvekupindura zvinodikanwa zvibudirire, kutaurirana kusina musono pakati pemachaja nezvinoshandiswa kwakakosha. Machaja anofanirwa kukwanisa kugadzirisa zvine simba kana kumisa kushandisa kwavo magetsi zvichienderana nekudiwa kwegridi. OCPP inokwirisa nzira dzakamisikidzwa dzekudyidzana pakati pemajaja uye manejimendi software kufambisa kutaurirana uku.
Zvakanakira zveOCPP Demand Response
· Mutengo-Kushanda: Nekushandisa hurongwa hwekutaurirana huripo, OCPP inodzikisa imwe mari ine chekuita nekubatanidza majaja muzvirongwa zvekupindura zvinodiwa.
· Kuwedzeredzwa kuchinjika: Machaja anoenderana neOCPP anogonesa vashandisi kutora chikamu mumatanho ekutonga grid uye kuona kuti magetsi uye kudiwa kuri pakati nepakati.
· Remangwana-uchapupu hwezvivakwa: Yakasanganiswa neOCPP, yekuchaja network inogona kuchinjika kune inoshanduka simba nzvimbo uye inotsigira yakakura gidhi yemazuva ano kuedza.
Nekubatanidza kugona kwekupindura kwekuda kuburikidza neOCPP, vashandisi havangogone kubatsira mukugadzikana kwegidhi, asi zvakare kusimudzira kukosha kwemanetiweki avo ekuchaja mune inogoneka simba ecosystem.
3. Wedzera kugamuchirwa kweEV kuburikidza nekuwana kwakabatana uye ruzivo rwemushandisi rwakareruka
Iyo isina musono uye intuitive yekuchaja chiitiko chakakosha kukurudzira vanhu vazhinji kushandisa mota dzemagetsi (EVs). Kupinda kwechaja kwakaomarara, kufamba kweakawanda ekuchaja network, uye kusawirirana kwekubhadhara masisitimu kunogona kuodza moyo vangangove varidzi veEV kana kukanganisa avo vakatochinja kuenda kuEV kufamba.
Chitupa cheOCPP chinogadzirisa matambudziko aya nekumisikidza seti yemaprotocol akamisikidzwa ayo anosimudzira kuwirirana uye kudyidzana pamachaji network. Nekusimbisa izvozvomajaja kuzadzisa zviyero izvi, OCPP inogona kuderedza zvipingamupinyi kupinda uye kukurudzira ruzivo rwemushandisi rwakabatana, zvichiita kuti EV ichaja iwedzere nyore.
Zvimwe zvinhu zvekuenderana kwemushandisi ruzivo zvakachengetwa neOCPP certification zvinosanganisira:
1. Vatyairi vanotanga kuchaja sei
2. Vatyairi vanobhadhara sei pakuchaja
3. Kuwana machaja kubva kune akasiyana network kuburikidza neapp imwe chete kana yekubhadhara profiles
4. Kubhadharira kwakamisikidzwa kune akasiyana ma network ekuchaja
Mufananidzo Mukuru: Kutsigira EV Adoption
Nekudzikisa mapoinzi ekuchaja, OCPP inogadzira ecosystem inoita kuti kutyaira kuve nyore. Izvi hazvingonatsiridza ruzivo rwevaridzi veEV varipo, asi zvakare zvinovimbisa vangangove vatengi kuti kuva neEV kunoshanda uye kuri nyore. Nzvimbo yakabatana yekuchaja inovaka kuvimba uye inokurudzira kutorwa kwakafara kweEV, izvo zvakakosha kuti ikurumidze kushandura kune chekufambisa chakasimba.
Pakupedzisira, OCPP-yakasimbiswa majaja anoita basa rakakosha mukugadzira yakabatana uye mushandisi-centric yekuchaja network, kuve nechokwadi chekuti vatyairi vanonzwa vane chivimbo uye vachitsigirwa sezvavanotora EV tekinoroji.
OCPP inoshanda sei?
Muchikamu chakapfuura, takadzidza kuti Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) inopa mhinduro yakabatana yenzira yekutaurirana pakati pezviteshi zvekuchaja uye chero yepakati system, zvisinei nemutengesi.
OCPP ndiyo nzira yekukurukurirana pakatiEV kuchaja zviteshiuye EV yekuchaja manejimendi masisitimu. Chikamu chinotevera chinotsanangura mabatsiriro anoita OCPP aya mapoka maviri akasiyana muEV yekuchaja ecosystem kutaurirana, uye mamwe mabasa api ainawo pamusoro pekutaurirana.
1. Mharidzo Exchange
OCPP inobvumira zviteshi zvekuchaja uye manejimendi masisitimu kuchinjana mameseji nezve mamiriro azvino echiteshi chekuchaja.
Semuenzaniso, mameseji anogona kusanganisira:
· Ingave iyo charger iripo, mukushandisa, kana kuti inoda kugadziriswa
· Kana kuchaja kwatanga kana kumira
· Yazvino mashandisirwo kana yekugara nguva mita
· Kuchaja chiteshi chekuongorora ruzivo
2. Remote Monitoring
Vanoshandisa poinzi yekuchaja vanogona kushandisa OCPP kutarisa kure kure zviteshi zvavo zvekuchaja.
3. Mvumo
Mapoinzi ekuchaja vanogona kushandisa OCPP kubvumidza kupinda kune zviteshi zvekuchaja.
4. Firmware Update
Iyo manejimendi sisitimu inogona kutumira firmware yekuvandudza chikumbiro kune yekuchaja chiteshi, iyo inogona kuzosimbisa nekuita iyo update.
5. Kubhadhara uye Kubhadhara
Vashandisi venzvimbo yekuchaja vanogona kushandisa OCPP kubatanidza mabhadharo akasiyana uye masisitimu ekubhadharisa.
6. Smart Kuchaja
OCPP inotsigira akangwara ekuchaja maficha akadai sekuyeresa kuyera uye kubhadharisa mashandisirwo eprofile.
7. Demand Response Program
OCPP inobvumira majaja kutaurirana negridi kana zvirongwa zvekushandisa, izvo zvinobatsira kudzora kudiwa kwemagetsi.
Nhanganyaya kune dziripo OCPP shanduro pamusika
Muna 2010, Open Charge Point Protocol 1.2 yakabudiswa, uye OCPP 1.5 yakabudiswa muna 2013. Aya mavhezheni ekutanga haasisina kuchengetedzwa zvakasimba neOCA, saka takaunza shanduro dzakatevera, dzinoti OCPP 1.6 yakabudiswa muna 2015 uye OCPP 2.0.1 yakabudiswa muna 2020 OCPP2 . zvinoenderana. OCPP 2.1 inotarisirwa kuburitswa muchikamu chekutanga cha2025.
Mhando mbiri dzeOCPP kuita
SIPO: Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) ndeye meseji-based protocol inoshandisa XML kumiririra data. SOAP chimiro chinobvumira mameseji kutumirwa pakati pezvikamu paInternet. Chakanakira SOAP ndechekuti chiyero chinovhara mabasa ekutumira nekugamuchira mameseji. Izvi zvinoita kuti kupedzwa nokukurumidza kugoneke.
JSON: JavaScript Object Notation imhando yekuchinjanisa data isingaremi iri nyore kuvanhu kuverenga nekunyora, uye iri nyore kumichina kutara nekugadzira. Zviri nyore kuverenga nekunyora pane XML. Iyo yakavakirwa pane subset yeJavaScript.
OCPP1.6
OCPP 1.6 inovaka paOCPP 1.5, ichibatanidza makore echiitiko chinoshanda uye maapplication akabudirira pasi rese. Kubva payakatangwa muna 2012, OCPP 1.5 yakashandiswa zvakanyanya nevatengesi uye zvinoshandiswa pasi rese. Pachikonzero ichi,OCPP 1.6 inosuma akati wandei ekuwedzera, kusanganisira smart kuchaja kugona uye rutsigiro rweJSON neSOAP pamusoro peWebSocket.
Iyi vhezheni inosanganisirawo kuvandudzwa kwakati wandei, senge magwaro akajeka uye zvigadziriso zvekusimudzira kudyidzana pakati pezvigadzirwa zvevatengesi vakasiyana. Huru hutsva hutsva hunosanganisira akawedzera hunyanzvi hwekuongorora (senge makodhi ezvikonzero), imwe nzvimbo yekuchaja nzvimbo, uye TriggerMessage kugona, ese akagadzirirwa kuita zvirinani zvinodiwa pamusika.
OCPP 1.6 inochengetedza mashandiro epakati peiyo vhezheni yakapfuura uye inounza akati wandei magadzirirwo uye zvigadziriso zvezvinozivikanwa zvisinganzwisisike nyaya dzinoita kuti isaenderane neOCPP 1.5. Kuvandudzwa uku kunoitirwa kupa masevhisi arinani kune vanochaja chiteshi vanoshanda (CPOs) uye chiitiko chiri nani chevatyairi vemotokari dzemagetsi pasi rese.
Zvimiro zveOCPP 1.6 zvinosanganisira:
OCPP 1.5
· SIPO neJSON shanduro
· Smart kuchaja inotsigira kuyera kuyera uye kushandiswa kwemaprofile ekuchaja
· (Yemunharaunda) rondedzero manejimendi rutsigiro
· Zvimwe matunhu: Inowedzera dzimwe nyika kune yekuchaja nzvimbo yekuverenga kuti ipe maCPO uye vashandisi vekupedzisira neruzivo rwakawanda nezve mamiriro azvino enzvimbo yekuchaja.
· Mharidzo yekutumira zvikumbiro, senge CP nguva kana chimiro cheCP
· Madiki magadzirirwo ekugadzirisa (kuenzaniswa neOCPP 1.5)
OCPP 2.0.1
Kuenzaniswa neOCPP 1.6, OCPP 2.0.1 inounza maficha akakwenenzverwa uye kugona kutsva. Zvakadaro, kuvandudzwa uku kunoitawo kuti OCPP 2.0.1 isaenderane neshanduro dzepakutanga (semuenzaniso OCPP 1.6 uye OCPP 1.5).
Zvitsva Zvitsva OCPP 2.0.1 vs. OCPP 1.6
1. The Device Management (inozivikanwawo seDevice Model) inoshandiswa kuwana uye kugadzirisa zvigadziro uye kutarisa zviteshi zvekuchaja.
Device Management (inozivikanwawo seChishandiso Model) chinhu chakamirirwa kwenguva refu, kunyanya chinogamuchirwa neCSOs dzinobata (dzakaoma) network dzezviteshi zvekuchaja (kubva kune vatengesi vakasiyana).
Inopa zvinotevera maitiro:
• Inventory reporting
• Kuvandudzwa kwekukanganisa uye mamiriro ekuzivisa
• Magadzirirwo akavandudzwa
• Customizable monitoring
Zvese izvi zvinobatsira maCSO kudzikisa mutengo wekushandisa chiteshi chekuchaja network.
Vagadziri vechiteshi chekuchajavakasununguka kusarudza kuti ingani ruzivo rwakadzama nezvezviteshi zvavo zvekuchaja kuti vaburitse kuburikidza
Device Management: semuenzaniso, vanogona kusarudza izvo zvinogona kuongororwa uye izvo zvisingakwanisi kuongororwa.
2. Kuvandudzwa kwekubata zviri nani kutengeserana kukuru
• Imwe meseji inobata mabasa ese ane chekuita nekutengeserana
• Kuderedza data
OCPP 1.6 yakaunza JSON yekufambisa yakavakirwa paWebsockets, iyo inogona kuderedza zvakanyanya mobile data traffic. OCPP 2.0 yakaunza WebSocket compression rutsigiro, ichiwedzera kudzikisa huwandu hwe data.
3. Kuvandudzwa kwecybersecurity
Magadzirirwo anotevera akawedzerwa kusimbisa kugona kweOCPP kuramba kurwiswa necyber:
• Maprofiles ekuchengetedza (matanho matatu) echiteshi chekuchaja uye/kana chechokwadi che CSMS uye kuchengetedzeka kwekutaurirana
• Kutungamira kwakakosha kwezvitupa zvevatengi
• Chengetedza firmware updates
• Chengetedzo chiitiko matanda
4. Yakawedzerwa smart kuchaja
MuOCPP 2.0.1, iyo smart kuchaja mashandiro akawedzerwa (kuenzaniswa neOCPP 1.6) kutsigira:
• Nangisa smart charging input kubva kune energy management system (EMS) kusvika pachiteshi chekuchaja
• Kuchaja kwakangwara nevanodzora
• Tsigiro yekubatanidza smart kuchaja kweCSMS,kuchaja zviteshiuye motokari dzemagetsi.
5. Tsigira ISO 15118
Kuenzaniswa neIEC 61851, iyo ISO 15118 yakajairwa iprotocol nyowani yeEVSE kune EV kutaurirana. ISO 15118 inobvumira akawanda matsva maficha uye kutaurirana kwakachengeteka pakati peEVSE neEV. OCPP 2.0.1 inotsigira ISO 15118 chiyero, uye zvitsva zvinosanganisira:
• Plug uye Chaja
• Smart kuchaja, kusanganisira kupinda kubva mumotokari yemagetsi
6. Kuvandudza ruzivo rwevatengi
• Zvimwe mvumo sarudzo
• Ratidza mameseji
• Mutauro unosarudzwa nemutyairi weEV
• Tariff uye muripo
7. Nzira yekufambisa: OCPP-J kuvandudzwa
• Nyore meseji routing
• Hapana rutsigiro rweSIPO
Nguva yekutumira: May-21-2025